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20 Mar 2017In this project, we aim to improve screening accuracy for HIV infections by characterizing the molecular signatures of the virus in blood. The main objective of this application is to develop and validate a method to improve the accuracy of current rapid HIV screening tests. Results from this project will facilitate the rapid identification of individuals with HIV infections and improve the ability to access antiretroviral treatment.
Abstract
The presence of HIV in blood is an important indicator of active infection in individuals who do not have an AIDS defining condition. The most widely used HIV test for screening in the blood is the HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that uses an HIV antigen. While the HIV EIA is very sensitive, the specificity of the test can be improved by performing a repeat HIV test or by testing for HIV antibodies.
Abstract
In this project, we aim to improve screening accuracy for HIV infections by characterizing the molecular signatures of the virus in blood. The main objective of this application is to develop and validate a method to improve the accuracy of current rapid HIV screening tests. Results from this project will facilitate the rapid identification of individuals with HIV infections and improve the ability to access antiretroviral treatment.A new pharmaceutical that could be a treatment for type 2 diabetes and reverse the harmful effects of obesity could one day be produced from bananas.
University of Illinois graduate student Keqian Zhang and researchers from other institutions have made the first step towards this goal, isolating the enzyme that is responsible for turning starch into the sugar glucose.
All plants have enzymes called starch-degrading enzymes in their leaves, stems, and tubers, according to the researchers. The enzymes are necessary for the plants to convert their starch reserves into energy in the form of glucose. Glucose plays an important role in the human body, supplying energy for the cells and helping regulate blood sugar.
Glucose is a central metabolite that affects the level of blood glucose and, therefore, insulin sensitivity. In addition, obesity is a well-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes, so turning starch into glucose is likely to have an important impact on the human body.
With these factors in mind, the researchers set out to find the enzyme that takes starch and turns it into glucose, which is known as a starch-degr be359ba680
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